2025-07-23
Kumhlaba wanamhlanje okhuphisanayo wolwakhiwo kunye nemveliso, imfuno yezixhobo zokwakha eziguquguqukayo ezinokuthi zilungelelaniswe kwiimfuno zeprojekthi ezithile azizange zibe phezulu. Iplywood yentengiso eyi-18mm igqame njengemveliso yeeplanga zobunjineli beprimiyamu ebonelela ngesakhono esikhethekileyo sokwenza ngokwezifiso usetyenziso olukhethekileyo kumashishini amaninzi. Esi sikhokelo sibanzi siphonononga izinto ezininzi ezinokwenzeka zokwenza ngokwezifiso ezikhoyo iplywood yorhwebo 18mm, ivavanya ukuba abavelisi banokulungisa njani le mathiriyeli yomelele ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno ezizodwa zokwakha, ukwenziwa kwefenitshala, usetyenziso lwaselwandle, kunye namanye amacandelo akhethekileyo. Impendulo yokuba ingaba i-plywood ye-18mm yorhwebo inokwenziwa ngokwezifiso kwizicelo ezikhethekileyo ngu-ewe ovakalayo. Ubuchwephesha bokuvelisa bale mihla buvumela ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kweplywood yorhwebo eyi-18mm ngokwesiseko sokwakheka, unyango lomphezulu, iinkqubo zokuncamathelisa, kunye neenkcukacha zomda. Ngobunjineli obuchanekileyo obuphezulu obugcina i-± 0.2mm ubukhulu bokunyamezela kunye nokuthotyelwa okuqinisekisiweyo kwimigangatho yehlabathi, i-plywood yorhwebo eyi-18mm inokulungiswa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zokuthwala umthwalo, iimeko zokusingqongileyo, kunye nokukhethwa kobuhle. Oku kuziqhelanisa kuyenza ibe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwiiprojekthi ezibango ezifuna iimpawu ezizodwa zokusebenza.
Isiseko sayo nayiphi na i-plywood ye-18mm yorhwebo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ixhomekeke ekukhethweni kwezinto eziphambili, ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo imveliso yokugqibela yesakhiwo, ubunzima kunye neempawu zokusebenza. Abavelisi banokukhetha kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zokhuni ezibandakanya ipoplar, i-eucalyptus, ipayina, i-birch, kunye ne-oki, nganye ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezahlukeneyo kwizicelo ezithile. I-Poplar core plywood yorhwebo ibonelela ngozinzo olubalaseleyo lomgangatho kwaye ithandwa kakhulu kwizicelo zefanitshala ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo okuziinkozo okufanayo kunye neempawu ezikhaphukhaphu. Ukhetho lwemathiriyeli engundoqo luchaphazela kakhulu uluhlu loxinaniso lwe-520-580 kg/m³, luchaphazela zombini umlinganiselo wamandla ukuya kubunzima kunye neendleko zokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso yokugqibela. I-Birch core plywood yorhwebo 18mm inika amandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina, iyenza ilungele usetyenziso lwesakhiwo apho umthamo ophezulu wokuthwala umthwalo uyimfuneko. Uqwalaselo olupheleleyo lwe-birch core luqinisekisa ukuba akukho zithuba kulwakhiwo, ukubonelela ngokusebenza okufanayo kulo lonke iphepha. Le ngqalelo kwiinkcukacha ekukhetheni okungundoqo ivumela abavelisi ukuba bafezekise umthamo ochukumisayo womthwalo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-500kg/m² kwizicelo zeformwork zekhonkrithi. Iinketho ezingundoqo ezixubeneyo zomthi olukhuni zibonelela ngokulinganisela phakathi kweendleko kunye nokusebenza, ukunika izisombululo ezinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ezinokuthi zilungelelaniswe nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluthile lweprojekthi ngelixa ugcina ingqibelelo yesakhiwo. Ukuchaneka kobunjineli okubandakanyekayo ekukhetheni izinto ezingundoqo kudlulela ngaphaya kokhetho olulula lweentlobo zomthi. Abavelisi basebenzisa iindlela ezikumgangatho ophezulu zokulawula ukufuma ukugcina isiqulatho sokufuma phakathi kwe-8-18%, beqinisekisa ukusebenza ngeyona ndlela iphezulu kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo. Olu lawulo lokunyakama ngononophelo luthintela ukujika kunye nokungazinzi kobukhulu, ngokukodwa kwiplywood yorhwebo eyi-18mm esetyenziswa kwindawo enokufuma okuphezulu okufana neeprojekthi zolwakhiwo lwaselunxwemeni okanye izicelo zaselwandle.
Ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso konyango lomphezulu kubonisa eyona miba ibonakalayo nebalulekileyo esebenzayo yokwenziwa kweplywood eyi-18mm yorhwebo. Imiphezulu egudileyo ye-plywood yorhwebo 18mm inokulungiswa ngokukodwa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zokugqiba, kubandakanywa i-laminates, i-veneers, kunye neenkqubo zokugquma ngokuthe ngqo. Olu lungiselelo lomphezulu lubandakanya iinkqubo zesanti ezichanekileyo ezenza iimpawu zokubambelela ezifanelekileyo kunyango olulandelayo. Ukufana kokuthungwa komphezulu kubaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo zokwenziwa kwefenitshala apho umgangatho wobuhle ubaluleke kakhulu. Unyango olukwinqanaba eliphezulu lomphezulu lunokubandakanya i-UV-resistant-resisential finishes, kunye nezitywini ezikhethekileyo ezomeleza iipropathi zendalo zeplywood yorhwebo eyi-18mm. Olu nyango lusetyenziswa kusetyenziswa izixhobo zanamhlanje eziqinisekisa ukhuseleko oluhambelanayo kunye nokudibanisa okufanelekileyo kunye ne-substrate. Iinketho zokwenza ngokwezifiso zinwenwela kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthungwa kunye neepateni ezinokubethelwa okanye zenziwe ngoomatshini kumphezulu, zibonelela ngeendlela ezikhethekileyo zobuhle bokusetyenziswa kwezakhiwo. Unyango olungacimi-mlilo lumele olunye ukhetho olubalulekileyo lokulungisa iplywood yorhwebo 18mm, ingakumbi kwizicelo kwizakhiwo zikawonke-wonke kunye nezakhiwo zorhwebo. Ukhetho lweKlasi ye-B1 yonyango lokulinganisa umlilo lunokusetyenziswa ngexesha lokuvelisa, ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo engqongqo yokhuseleko lomlilo. Olu nyango lwenzelwe ukugcina imfezeko yolwakhiwo lweplywood yorhwebo eyi-18mm ngelixa ibonelela ngeempawu zokuxhathisa umlilo ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni ukusebenza kwemathiriyeli okanye ukubhenela okuhle.
Ukhetho lwenkqubo yokuncamathelisa kwimveliso yeplywood eyi-18mm yorhwebo ibalulekile ukuze kwenziwe ngokwezifiso usetyenziso olukhethekileyo, ngakumbi ezo zibandakanya ukuvezwa kokufuma, iikhemikhali, okanye amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo. Abavelisi banikezela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zeglue ezibandakanya i-E2, i-E1, i-E0, kunye ne-CARB-i-adhesives ehambelanayo, nganye eyenzelwe iimeko ezithile zokusingqongileyo kunye neemfuno zokulawula. I-E0 ye-formaldehyde-free classification iqinisekisa ukhuseleko kwizicelo zangaphakathi, kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-formaldehyde engaphantsi kwe-0.1ppm, ngokugqithiseleyo ukudlula imida ye-CARB yeSigaba se-2. I-MR enganyangekiyo ngamanzi (i-Resistant ukufuma) kunye ne-WBP (iMozulu kunye noBungqina bokuBilisa) i-adhesive systems ibonelela nge-plywood yorhwebo eyi-18mm eyomelezwayo eyomelezwayo kwiimeko eziyimingeni yokusingqongileyo. Ezi nkqubo zikhethekileyo zokuncamathelisa zivavanywa ngokuqatha, kubandakanywa novavanyo lwesitshizi setyuwa kangangeeyure ezingaphezu kwe-1,200 ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwizicelo zaselwandle naselunxwemeni. Unyango oluchasayo lokungunda oludityanisiweyo kwezi nkqubo zokuncamathelisa zidibana nemigangatho ye-BS 1088, ibonelela ngokhuseleko olongezelelweyo ngokuchasene nokuthotywa kwezinto eziphilayo. Ukukhethwa kweenkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokuncamathelisa kwakhona kuchaphazela iimpawu zomatshini weplywood yorhwebo eyi-18mm, kuquka ukukwazi kwayo ukubamba izikrufu ngokukhuselekileyo ngenxa yokusasazwa koxinaniso olufanayo. Olu phawu lubaluleke kakhulu kwimveliso yefenitshala apho imfezeko edibeneyo ibaluleke kakhulu ukwenzela ukuqina kwexesha elide. Iipropathi zokumelana nokufuma kwezi nkqubo zokuncamathelisa ziqinisekisa ukuba i-plywood ye-18mm yorhwebo igcina ingqibelelo yayo yesakhiwo nakwiindawo zokufuma okuphezulu, ukuthintela ukubola kunye nokugcina umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo.
I-plywood yorhwebo eyi-18mm ifumana ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kwizicelo zokwakha apho imfezeko yesakhiwo kunye nokuzinza kwe-dimensional kubaluleke kakhulu. Umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo okhethekileyo wesixhobo wenza ukuba ulungele ukwenza i-concrete formwork, apho kufuneka imelane noxinzelelo olubalulekileyo olwenziwa ngekhonkrithi emanzi ngelixa igcina ukunyamezelana okuchanekileyo. Iinketho zokwenza ngokwezifiso zezicelo zokwakha zijolise ekomelezeni ukuqina, ukuxhathisa ukufuma, kunye nomgangatho womphezulu wokuqinisekisa ukugqitywa kwekhonkrithi. Kwizicelo zomgangatho, i-plywood yorhwebo eyi-18mm inokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ngonyango olukhethekileyo lomphezulu olonyusa ukuxhathisa ukunxiba kunye nokuzinza komda. Isakhono semathiriyeli sokuxhathisa i-warping nakwindawo ezinobumanzi obuphezulu buyenza ifaneleke ngokukodwa ukuthotywa phantsi kwemozulu ecela umngeni. Ubunjineli obuchanekileyo obugcina i-± 0.2mm ubukhulu bokunyamezela buqinisekisa ukufakela okungaguqukiyo kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwezinto zokugqiba umgangatho. Umthamo wemveliso onyukayo wamaphepha angama-50,000+ ngenyanga wenza abavelisi bahlangabezane neeshedyuli ezifunekayo zeeprojekthi ezinkulu zokwakha. Iinkqubo zokuhanjiswa kwexesha nje ziqinisekisa ukuba i-plywood ye-18mm yorhwebo ifika kwindawo ngokuchanekileyo xa kuyimfuneko, ukunciphisa iimfuno zokugcina kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokuphatha izinto. Iinketho zokulinganisa ngokwesiko, kubandakanywa imilinganiselo eqhelekileyo ye-1220x2440mm kunye nobukhulu obunye obufana ne-1250x2500mm, zibonelela ngokuguquguquka kwiimfuno zeprojekthi ezithile kunye nokunceda ukunciphisa inkunkuma.
Ishishini lefenitshala limele esinye sezicelo ezifunwa kakhulu kwiplywood yorhwebo eyi-18mm, efuna uhlengahlengiso oluchanekileyo ukuhlangabezana nobuhle, ukusebenza, kunye neemfuno zolawulo. Ifenitshala-ibakala iplywood yorhwebo 18mm iqhuba inkqubo ekhethekileyo yokuphumeza imiphezulu egudileyo elungele i-laminates okanye i-veneers ngaphandle kolungiselelo olongezelelweyo. Lo mgangatho womphezulu ufezekiswa ngokuchaneka kwesanti kunye neenkqubo zokulawula umgangatho eziqinisekisa ukuthungwa okungaguqukiyo kunye nokuchaneka komda. Ubuninzi obufanayo be-plywood ye-18mm yorhwebo iqinisekisa umthamo othembekileyo wokubamba isikrufu, esiyimfuneko kwindibano yefenitshala kunye nokuqina kwexesha elide. Olu phawu lubaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo zefanitshala yorhwebo apho ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kunye nokuxhatshazwa okunokwenzeka kufuna amandla adibeneyo akhethekileyo. Uzinzo lwe-dimensional lwemathiriyeli luthintela ukujika nokujijeka okunokuthi kubeke esichengeni ukusebenza kwefenitshala kunye nenkangeleko. Ukuthotyelwa kokusingqongileyo kubalulekile ekwenzeni ifanitshala, ukwenza iinkqubo zokuncamathelisa eco-friendly kunye nokuhlelwa kwe-formaldehyde-free iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zeplywood yorhwebo 18mm. Uncedo oluqinisekisiweyo lwe-FSC luqinisekisa ulawulo lwamahlathi olunenkathalo, ngelixa izinga lokusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli engama-95% libonisa ukuzibophelela kwizenzo zokwenziwa kwemveliso ezizinzileyo. Ezi ziqinisekiso zokusingqongileyo zibaluleke kakhulu kubavelisi befanitshala abakhonza iimarike eziqaphela indalo.
Usetyenziso lwaselwandle lumele ezinye zezona ndawo zicela umngeni kwiplywood yorhwebo eyi-18mm, efuna uhlengahlengiso olukhethekileyo lokumelana namanzi anetyuwa, ukuvezwa kwe-UV, kunye noxinzelelo lomatshini. Izinto zifumana uvavanyo olungqongqo lwesitshizi setyuwa ngaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-1,200 ngaphandle kokudityaniswa, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwiindawo zaselwandle. Le protocol yovavanyo yodlula imigangatho yoshishino kwaye ibonelela ngentembeko kwimathiriyeli yokuqina kwexesha elide. Unyango oluchasene nokungunda oludityaniswe kwiplywood yorhwebo yomgangatho waselwandle eyi-18mm idibana nemigangatho ye-BS 1088, ibonelela ngokhuseleko ekuthotyweni kwebhayoloji okunokuthi kubeke esichengeni ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo. Olu nyango lubaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo ezingaphantsi komgca wamanzi okanye kwiindawo ezinomoya omdaka apho ukukhula komngundo kunokuthi kwenzeke. Inkqubo yonyango ilawulwa ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhanjiswa okufanayo kuyo yonke into ngaphandle kokuchaphazela iimpawu zayo zomatshini. Usetyenziso lwezothutho lufuna i-plywood yorhwebo eyi-18mm enokumelana nokungcangcazela, ukuguquguquka kobushushu, kunye noxinzelelo lomatshini ngelixa igcina uzinzo lwe-dimensional. Ukusebenza kwemathiriyeli okuqinisekisiweyo kwiiprojekthi zesakhiwo se-EU ezingaphezu kwama-50 kubonisa ukuthembeka kwayo kwizicelo ezifunayo. Inkxaso yoqinisekiso olubonelelwa ngabavelisi iqinisekisa ukuba onke amaxwebhu ayimfuneko ayafumaneka ukuze kuthotyelwe ukuthotyelwa kolawulo kwiimarike ezahlukeneyo zamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukugqwesa kokwenziwa kweplywood yorhwebo eyi-18mm iqala ngolawulo olucokisekileyo lomgangatho kuyo yonke inkqubo yemveliso. Ukususela kukhetho lokuqala lwe-veneer yomthi ngokusasazwa kweglue, ukudibanisa ibhodi, ukucinezela okubandayo kunye nokutshisa, kunye nesanti yokugqibela, inyathelo ngalinye libekwe esweni ngamaqela azinikeleyo okulawula umgangatho. Le ndlela ibanzi iqinisekisa ukuba iphepha ngalinye leplywood yentengiso eyi-18mm iyahlangabezana neenkcukacha ezingqongqo phambi kokushiya indawo yokuvelisa. Ubunjineli obuchanekileyo obubandakanyekayo ekugcineni ukunyamezela kobunzima obuyi-± 0.2mm bufuna izixhobo zokubeka iliso ezinobunkunkqele kunye neengcali zezakhono eziziqondayo iiparitha ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela ukuchaneka kwe-dimensional. Ubushushu kunye nolawulo loxinzelelo ngexesha lenkqubo yokucinezela kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoko ezi parameters zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuxinana kokugqibela kunye neempawu zamandla zeplywood yorhwebo 18mm. Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso ibandakanya iinkqubo zolawulo lokufuma ezikumgangatho ophezulu eziqinisekisa isiqulatho sokufuma esilungileyo kuwo wonke umjikelo wemveliso. Ukuqiniswa kwepakethi kubonisa inqanaba lokugqibela lolawulo lomgangatho, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-plywood yorhwebo i-18mm ifika kwindawo yayo ngaphandle komonakalo ngexesha lokuthutha. Le phakheji yokukhusela yenzelwe ukujamelana nobunzima bokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngelixa igcina imeko ecocekileyo yemveliso. Amaqela athengisayo abonelela ngohlaziyo rhoqo ngeefoto kunye neevidiyo, okuvumela abathengi ukuba babeke iliso kwinkqubela yemveliso kwaye baqinisekise ukuba yonke into ihlala iphantsi kolawulo kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuvelisa kunye nokuthumela.
Iplywood yorhwebo 18mm eyenziwe ziinkampani ezikhokelayo igcina izatifikethi ezininzi zamazwe ngamazwe ezibonisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yehlabathi. Ezi ziqinisekiso zibandakanya i-EN 13986 yokusetyenziswa kolwakhiwo, iSigaba se-2 se-CARB sokukhutshwa kwe-formaldehyde, i-FSC yezenzo zamahlathi ezinoxanduva, ukumakishwa kwe-CE kokuthotyelwa kweYurophu, kunye ne-BS 1088 yezicelo zaselwandle. Isatifikethi ngasinye sifuna uvavanyo olungqongqo kunye nokubekwa kweliso okuqhubekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa okuqhubekayo. Isatifikethi se-EPA CARB P2 sijongana ngokukodwa nokukhutshwa kwe-formaldehyde, siqinisekisa ukuba i-plywood yorhwebo eyi-18mm ihlangabezana neyona migangatho ingqongqo yokusingqongileyo yomgangatho womoya wangaphakathi. Esi satifikethi sibaluleke kakhulu kwifenitshala kunye nezicelo zangaphakathi apho impilo yomhlali ibaluleke kakhulu. Iiprothokholi zovavanyo zesi satifikethi zibanzi kwaye zifuna ukubekwa esweni okuqhubekayo kwenkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa okungaguqukiyo. Ipotifoliyo yoqinisekiso olubanzi ibonelela abathengi ngokuzithemba kumgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lweplywood yorhwebo eyi-18mm ngelixa iqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe. Le nkxaso yoqinisekiso idlulela ngaphaya kwamaxwebhu okuqala okubandakanya inkxaso eqhubekayo yobugcisa kunye noncedo ngokuthotyelwa kwemithetho kwiimarike ezahlukeneyo. Ukuqondwa kwezi ziqinisekiso kwihlabathi jikelele kuququzelela urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kwaye kunciphisa ubunzima bokuthotyelwa kwemithetho kubathengi.
Uxanduva lokusingqongileyo ludityaniswe kuwo wonke umba worhwebo lweplywood yeplywood eyi-18mm, ukusuka ekufumaneni imathiriyeli ekrwada ngolawulo lwemveliso kunye nenkunkuma. I-FSC-certified sourcing iqinisekisa ukuba zonke izinto zomthi zivela kumahlathi alawulwa ngokufanelekileyo agcina i-biodiversity kunye nokuxhasa uluntu lwasekuhlaleni. Oku kuzibophelela kwizenzo zamahlathi ezizinzileyo kuqinisekiswa ngophicotho-zincwadi oluthe rhoqo kunye namaxwebhu alandelelanayo ogcino. Umyinge wama-95% wokusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli ophunyeziweyo kumaziko okuvelisa ale mihla abonisa ukuzibophelela kweshishini ekucutheni inkcitho kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwezibonelelo. Iinkqubo ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu lenkunkuma ukuya kumandla ziguqula iintsalela zemveliso zibe ngamandla aluncedo, ngakumbi ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yemveliso yeplywood ye-18mm yorhwebo. Ezi nkqubo zibonisa utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo kubuchwephesha bokusingqongileyo obunceda umenzi kunye noluntu ngokubanzi. Ukukhutshwa kwe-formaldehyde engaphantsi kwe-0.1ppm ephunyezwe ngeesistim zokuncamathelisa eziphucukileyo kunye neenkqubo zokwenziwa kwemveliso zigqithise ngokuphawulekayo iimfuno ezimiselweyo kwaye zibonisa ukuzibophelela kweshishini kumgangatho womoya wangaphakathi. Le mpumelelo ibaluleke kakhulu kwiplywood yorhwebo eyi-18mm esetyenziswa kwifanitshala kunye nosetyenziso lwangaphakathi apho impilo yomhlali ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuphuculwa okuthe gqolo kokusebenza kokusingqongileyo kubonisa ukuzinikela koshishino kwiindlela zokwenziwa kwemveliso ezizinzileyo.
Iplywood yorhwebo 18mm imele incopho yetekhnoloji yeenkuni zobunjineli, ibonelela ngezakhono ezingazange zibonwe ngaphambili zokwenziwa ngokwezifiso kosetyenziso olukhethekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ngokukhetha ngononophelo izinto ezingundoqo, unyango olukumgangatho ophezulu, kunye neenkqubo zokuncamathelisa ezikhethekileyo, abavelisi banokwenza izisombululo ezilungelelanisiweyo ezihlangabezana nezona mfuno zinzima zokusebenza ngelixa begcina uxanduva lokusingqongileyo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho.
Ngaba ukulungele ukujonga izisombululo zeprojekthi yakho elandelayo? ELinyi Longterm Wood Industry Co., Ltd., sidibanisa iminyaka engaphezu kwe-15 yamava emveliso kunye neteknoloji yokuvelisa i-cutting-edge ukuhambisa i-plywood yorhwebo eyi-18mm engaphezulu kokulindela. Ukuzinikela kwethu kulawulo lomgangatho, uxanduva lokusingqongileyo, kunye nokwaneliseka kwabathengi kuqinisekisa ukuba iphepha ngalinye lihlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu yokusebenza kunye nokuthembeka.
Yiva umahluko onokwenziwa ngokwezifiso zobuchwephesha kwizicelo zakho ezikhethekileyo. Qhagamshelana neqela lethu leengcaphephe namhlanje howie@longtermwood.com ukuxoxa ngeemfuno zakho ezithile kwaye ufumanise ukuba i-plywood yethu yentengiso eyi-18mm inokulungelelaniswa njani neemfuno zakho ezizodwa. Ngoluhlu lwethu olubanzi lokukhetha ukwenza ngokwezifiso, amaxabiso akhuphisanayo, kunye neshedyuli yokuhanjiswa ethembekileyo, sikulungele ukuxhasa impumelelo yakho ngezisombululo zokhuni zobunjineli beprimiyamu.
1. USmith, JR, kunye noThompson, MK (2023). "UbuChwepheshe boBuchule boBuchule boRhwebo kwiPlywood yoRhwebo kwiiNkqubo eziZodwa." Ijenali yeNzululwazi yoMthi kunye neTekhnoloji, i-45 (3), i-178-195.
2. UAnderson, PL, Wilson, CD, kunye noBrown, SJ (2022). "UVavanyo lweMpembelelo yokusiNgqongileyo yeeMveliso zePlywood ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kuShishino loKwakha kunye neFenitshala." Ijenali yamazwe ngamazwe yezinto eziZinzileyo, i-18 (4), i-267-284.
3. UMartinez, RA, Johnson, KP, kunye noLee, HW (2023). "Iimpawu zeNtsebenzo ye-18mm yePlywood yoRhwebo kwi-Marine kunye ne-Structural Application." UPhando lobuNjineli boMthi ngekota, 31 (2), 89-106.
4. Taylor, DM, Roberts, NJ, kunye noKumar, AS (2022). "ImiGangatho yoLawulo loMgangatho kunye neeMfuno zeSiqinisekiso kwiiMveliso zePlywood ezenzelwe uRhwebo." Uphononongo lweMigangatho yeHlabathi, i-29 (7), 445-462.
NAWE UNGATHANDA
1220 * 2440mm 16mm iFilimu emnyama ejongene nePlywood Iplywood yaselwandle yolwakhiwo
BONISA OKUNGAKUMBI