Ikhaya > Ulwazi - Sanxin > Ngawaphi amashishini akhetha i-Eucalyptus Birch Plywood kwaye ngoba?

Ngawaphi amashishini akhetha i-Eucalyptus Birch Plywood kwaye ngoba?

2025-08-04

Eucalyptus Birch Plywood iye yavela njengesixhobo esithandwayo kuwo wonke amashishini amaninzi ngenxa yendibaniselwano engaqhelekanga yamandla, isibheno sobuhle, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko. Le mveliso yokhuni yobunjineli idibanisa ngokukhawuleza ukomelela kondoqo we-eucalyptus kunye nesiphelo esigudileyo, esisulungekileyo se-birch veneers, ukudala isisombululo esiguquguqukayo esihlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zemizi-mveliso. Imizi-mveliso ukusuka kwimveliso yefenitshala ukuya kulwakhiwo, umboniso wentengiso, kunye noyilo loyilo luye lwanda ukwamkela i-Eucalyptus Birch Plywood ngeempawu zayo ezibalaseleyo zokusebenza, uzinzo lokusingqongileyo, kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho. Iipropati ezikhethekileyo zemathiriyeli, kuquka ubume bayo bokulwa ne-warp, umgangatho ongaguqukiyo, kunye nokuguquguquka koyilo, kuyenza ibe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwizicelo ezifuna zombini imfezeko yolwakhiwo kunye nesibheno esibonakalayo.

Izicelo zoShishino loLwakhiwo noLwakhiwo

Isakhelo soLwakhiwo kunye nokuQeda kwaNgaphakathi

Ishishini lokwakha liye lamkela i-Eucalyptus Birch Plywood njengokhetho lwe-premium lwezicelo zesakhiwo kunye neeprojekthi zokugqiba kwangaphakathi. Umthamo okhethekileyo wemathiriyeli wokuthwala umthwalo, ophuma kumbindi wayo we-eucalyptus kunye noxinaniso ukusuka kuma-680-720 kg/m³, buyenza ilungele ukuyila izikhokelo ezomeleleyo ezinokumelana neemfuno ezibalulekileyo zesakhiwo. Iikontraka ezichwepheshile kunye nabayili bezakhiwo bachaza i-Eucalyptus Birch Plywood ukwenzela iipaneli eludongeni, ufakelo lwesilingi, kunye neenkqubo zokwahlulahlula ngenxa yozinzo lwayo olunobume kunye nokuxhathisa ekulweni naphantsi kweemeko zokufuma ezahluka-hlukeneyo. I-birch face veneer ibonelela ngomphezulu ogudileyo, ongenamaqhina owamkela ukugqitywa okwahlukeneyo, ukusuka kumabala endalo ukuya kwiilaminates zale mihla, ezivumela abakhi bezakhiwo ukuba bafezekise umbono wabo wobuhle obunqwenelekayo ngelixa begcina imfezeko yolwakhiwo. Ngokukhethwa kobukhulu obususela kwi-6mm ukuya kwi-56mm, le mathiriyeli iguquguqukayo ivumela iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zokwakha, nokuba zezondonga zolwahlulo olukhaphukhaphu okanye usetyenziso olunzima lwesakhiwo. Isiqinisekiso se-FSC se-FSC kunye nokuthotyelwa kweSigaba sesi-2 se-CARB siqinisekisa ukuba iiprojekthi zokwakha zihlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yokusingqongileyo, nto leyo iyenza ixabiseke kakhulu kwiziqinisekiso zokwakha eziluhlaza kunye nezenzo zokwakha ezizinzileyo.

IiNkqubo zoMgangatho kunye neSubflooring

I-Eucalyptus Birch Plywood ifumene impembelelo ebalulekileyo kwizicelo zomgangatho, ngakumbi kwiinkqubo zomgangatho ongaphantsi kunye neemveliso zomgangatho ezinobunjineli. Ukunyamezelana kobunzima obufanayo besixhobo se-±0.2mm kuqinisekisa ukufakela okuchanekileyo kunye nokuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zomgangatho. Iikontraka eziqeqeshiweyo zokubeka umgangatho zikhetha Eucalyptus Birch Plywood kulawulo lwesiqulatho sokufuma kwe8-18%, nto leyo ethintela ukwanda nokucutheka kwemiba edla ngokuthwaxa iimveliso zomthi wesintu. Umphezulu we-birch veneer ubonelela ngeempawu ezigqwesileyo zokubambelela kwizinto zomgangatho, ngelixa i-eucalyptus core inika uzinzo oluphezulu lwe-dimensional olunciphisa ukuncwina kunye nokuhamba komgangatho ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kwizicelo zomgangatho wezorhwebo, ubuninzi bezinto eziphathekayo kunye neempawu zamandla zenza ukuba zifaneleke kwiindawo eziphezulu zendlela apho ukuqina kubaluleke kakhulu. I-E0 kunye ne-E1 ye-formaldehyde-free-adhesive classification iqinisekisa umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi udibana nemigangatho yezempilo, okwenza ukuba ifaneleke ngokukodwa kwiindawo zokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo apho ukhuseleko lwabahlali luhamba phambili. Ukongeza, ukuchasana kwezinto kumswakama kunye nokuguquguquka kweqondo lobushushu kuyenza ibe lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kumagumbi angaphantsi, amagumbi okuhlambela, kunye nezinye iindawo ezinomngeni apho iimveliso zokhuni zemveli zinokusilela.

Ulwakhiwo lweModyuli kunye neMixholo eFakelweyo

Ushishino lolwakhiwo lweemodyuli luye lwaqaphela i-Eucalyptus Birch Plywood njengesixhobo esiyimfuneko kumacandelo okwakha asele enziwe kunye neenkqubo zeemodyuli. Izixhobo zokuvelisa ezivelisa amakhaya eemodyuli, iipodi zeofisi, kunye nezakhiwo zethutyana zisebenzisa esi sixhobo ukuze singqinelane nokuthembeka kuyo yonke imveliso emikhulu. Ubungakanani beshiti elisemgangathweni le-1220x2440mm lihambelana ngokugqibeleleyo nemigaqo yoyilo lweemodyuli, ukunciphisa inkunkuma kunye nokuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphathekayo kwizicwangciso zefektri. Amaqela olawulo lomgangatho kumaziko olwakhiwo lweemodyuli ayazixabisa iipropati ezingaguquguqukiyo zemathiriyeli, ezisusa iiyantlukwano ezinokubeka esichengeni ukuchaneka kwendibano okanye ukusebenza kolwakhiwo. Iimpawu zezinto ezikhaphukhaphu, ezidityaniswe namandla alo okwakhiwa, zenza ukuba zilungele ukudala amacandelo ekufuneka athuthwe kwaye ahlanganiswe kwisiza. Isakhono se-Eucalyptus Birch Plywood sokwamkela iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu kuvumela abavelisi beemodyuli ukuba benze izinto ezidityaniswa ngaphandle komthungo kunye nezitayile zoyilo ezahlukeneyo kunye neemfuno zoyilo. Uzinzo lwexesha elide lwezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokuchasana nezinto zokusingqongileyo ziqinisekisa ukuba amacandelo asele enziwe agcina ukuchaneka kwawo kwinqanaba lonke lobomi besakhiwo.

Ukwenziwa kweFenitshala kunye noShishino loYilo

Ukwenziwa kweKhabhinethi kunye neFanitshala yaseKitshini

Ishishini lokwenza ikhabhinethi liseke i-Eucalyptus Birch Plywood njengento ekhethwayo yekhitshi ekumgangatho ophezulu kunye nekhabhathi yokuhlambela. Abavelisi bekhabhathi yobuchwephesha bayayixabisa indawo egudileyo yebirch ebonelela ngesiseko esifanelekileyo kuzo zombini ezipeyintiweyo kunye nokugqitywa komthi wendalo. Undoqo we-eucalyptus uhambisa amandla akhethekileyo okubamba isikrufu kunye ne-edge-banding adhesion, imiba ebalulekileyo kulwakhiwo lwekhabhathi apho iihenjisi, iihenjisi, izilayidi zedrowa, kunye nehardware kufuneka zihlale zincanyathiselwe ngokukhuselekileyo kwiminyaka yokusetyenziswa. Ukuhlelwa komgangatho wefenitshala kuqinisekisa ukuba i-Eucalyptus Birch Plywood ihlangabezana nemigangatho efunekayo yomgangatho ofunekayo kumacandelo ekhabhathi ebonakalayo. Iimpawu zokuxhathisa ukufuma kwezinto zenza ukuba zilungele ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa kwekhitshi kunye negumbi lokuhlambela apho umswakama kunye nokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa kuqhelekileyo. Iivenkile zekhabhathi yesiko zixabisa machinability izinto, njengoko usika ngokucocekileyo ngaphandle kokukrazula-ngaphandle kwaye wamkela iindlela ezahlukeneyo joinery kuquka ukusikwa dado, rabbet amalungu, kunye noqhagamshelwano mortise-and-tenon. Uxinaniso oluhambelanayo kulo lonke iphepha luqinisekisa iziphumo ezifanayo zokugqiba, nokuba usebenzisa amabala, iipeyinti, okanye iingubo ezicacileyo zokukhusela. Ngokhetho lobukhulu obubandakanya i-9mm, i-12mm, kunye ne-18mm, abenzi bekhabhathi banokukhetha ubukhulu obufanelekileyo bezinto ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwiipaneli zocango ezicekethekileyo ukuya kwishelufu enzima ekufuneka ixhase imithwalo yobunzima obuninzi.

Uyilo lweFenitshala yangoku kunye nokuVeliswa

Abayili befenitshala yanamhlanje kunye nabavelisi baye bamkela i-Eucalyptus Birch Plywood ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo ekudaleni amaqhekeza efanitshala alungelelanisa ubuhle kunye nokusebenza okusebenzayo. Umphezulu ogudileyo we-birch veneer ubonelela ngeseyile egqwesileyo yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokugqiba, ukusuka kwimiphetho yeoli yendalo eqaqambisa iinkozo zomthi ukuya kwindawo epeyintiweyo engqindilili ehambelana neendlela zangoku zoyilo lwangaphakathi. Izitudiyo zokuyila ezivelisa ifanitshala yesiko ziyakuxabisa ukukwazi kwemathiriyeli ukwamkela ukusika i-laser kunye nomatshini we-CNC, okwenza ukuba kuyilwe iipateni ezintsonkothileyo kunye neejometri ezintsonkothileyo eziya kuba nzima ukuzifumana ngomthi oqinileyo. Iipropati zesakhiwo se-eucalyptus core zivumela abayili befanitshala ukuba benze iiprofayili ezibhityileyo, ezintle ngaphandle kokuncama amandla, okubaluleke kakhulu kuyilo oluncinci apho ubukhulu bezinto kufuneka buphuculwe. Eucalyptus Birch PlywoodUkusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, ukubonelela nge-30% yokonga xa kuthelekiswa nomthi oqinileyo oqinileyo, yenza abavelisi befanitshala banikezele ngeemveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu kumaxabiso akhuphisanayo. Ubungqina bendalo bendalo, kubandakanya isatifikethi se-FSC kunye nokuncamatheliswa kwe-formaldehyde-free, kulungelelaniswa nemfuno ekhulayo yabathengi yokhetho oluzinzileyo lwefenitshala. Izibonelelo zemveliso zizuza kumgangatho wezinto eziphathekayo kunye neempawu zokusebenza ezinokuqikelelwa, ukunciphisa inkunkuma kunye neziphene zokuvelisa ezinokuchaphazela iishedyuli zemveliso kunye nenzuzo.

IiNkqubo zeFanitshala yokuThengisa kunye neyoRhwebo

Ishishini lefenitshala yorhwebo ichonge i-Eucalyptus Birch Plywood njengesona sixhobo sifanelekileyo sokudala iinkqubo zefenitshala ezihlala ixesha elide, ezinomtsalane zokuthengisa, iofisi, kunye nemekobume yokwamkela iindwendwe. Abavelisi befenitshala yorhwebo baxhomekeke ekusebenzeni okuqinisekisiweyo kwezixhobo kwizicelo eziphezulu zokusetyenziswa apho ukuqina kunye nokugcinwa kwenkangeleko zizinto ezibalulekileyo. Umphezulu we-birch veneer uyayigcina inkangeleko yawo nasemva kokusetyenziswa ixesha elide, ngelixa undoqo we-eucalyptus ubonelela ngobulungisa obufunekayo kwifanitshala ekufuneka imelane nokusetyenziswa rhoqo kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngamaxesha athile. Usetyenziso lwefenitshala yokuthengisa luxhamla ngokukodwa kubuchule bemathiriyeli bokwamkela umphezulu ohlukeneyo welaminate, okuvumela abavelisi ukuba benze iinkqubo zefenitshala ezilungelelanisiweyo ezihambelana nobuhle bohlobo oluthile kunye nezikimu zemibala. Ukumelana nokufuma kwemathiriyeli kuyenza ilungele ifenitshala yokutyela, ukulungiswa kwehotele, kunye nezinye izicelo apho ukuchitheka kunye nokucocwa ngabacoci borhwebo kuyisiqhelo. Uzinzo lwe-Eucalyptus Birch Plywood luqinisekisa ukuba ifenitshala yorhwebo igcina inkangeleko yayo kunye nokusebenza kwayo ngexesha elongeziweyo lenkonzo, icutha iindleko zokutshintsha kunye neemfuno zokulondolozwa kwabaphathi bamaziko. Izinto ezithintela umlilo, xa ziphathwa ngokufanelekileyo, zenza ukuba zilungele iindawo zoluntu apho imimiselo yokhuseleko lomlilo ingqongqo.

Umboniso wentengiso kunye noMboniso weShishini

Indawo yokuThenga iZiboniso kunye noRhwebo

Ishishini lokubonisa intengiso liye lamkela i-Eucalyptus Birch Plywood njengesixhobo se-premium sokwenza imiboniso ye-point-of-purchasing displays kunye nezixhobo zokuthengisa ezimele zidibanise isibheno esibonakalayo kunye nokuthembeka kwesakhiwo. Abavelisi be-Display bayaxabisa iimpawu zemathiriyeli ezikhaphukhaphu ezenza kube lula ukuthuthwa kunye nokufakwa ngelixa begcina amandla awoneleyo okuxhasa imithwalo yemveliso ngokukhuselekileyo. Umphezulu we-birch veneer ubonelela ngesiseko esihle kakhulu semizobo yevinyl, ukugqitywa kwepeyinti, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-laminate edla ngokusetyenziswa kwiindawo zokuthengisa. Umphezulu ogudileyo we-Eucalyptus Birch Plywood uqinisekisa ukuba iigraphics ezisetyenzisiweyo zibambelela ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zigcina inkangeleko yazo kubo bonke ubomi benkonzo yokubonisa. Ubukhulu obungaguquguqukiyo bezinto kunye nomgangatho bususa iiyantlukwano ezinokubeka esichengeni inkangeleko yobungcali yemiboniso yokuthengisa. Izixhobo zokuvelisa ezenza imiboniso yexesha kunye nezixhobo zokuthengisa zixhamla kwizinto eziphathekayo, ezivumela ukuveliswa ngokufanelekileyo kweemilo ezinzima kunye noyilo usebenzisa izixhobo zokusika ezizenzekelayo. Iimpawu zamandla e-eucalyptus core zenza ukuba kuveliswe iimiboniso ezinde, ezizimeleyo ezihlala zizinzile phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokuthengisa. Abaphathi bebhrendi kunye nabayili beevenkile baxabisa isakhono semathiriyeli ukwamkela iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokugqibezela, ukusuka kwinkangeleko yemithi yendalo ehambisa umgangatho kunye nobuchule bobugcisa ukuya kwimibala engqindilili kunye nemizobo etsala umdla wabathengi kwaye ibethelele umyalezo wophawu.

Umboniso woRhwebo kunye neMiboniso yeMiboniso

Abayili bemiboniso abachwephesha kunye neekontraka zemiboniso yorhwebo baye baseka i-Eucalyptus Birch Plywood njengesixhobo esithandwayo sokudala izinto eziphathwayo zemiboniso kunye nemiboniso yorhwebo. Umlinganiselo wamandla-kuya kubunzima bezinto eziphathekayo wenza ukuba kube yinto efanelekileyo kwizakhiwo ezimele zihlanganiswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye zihlanjululwe ukuthutha phakathi kweziganeko. Abavelisi bemiboniso yorhwebo bayakuxabisa ukukwazi kwemathiriyeli ukugcina ukuchaneka komgangatho ngaphandle kokuphatha okuphindaphindiweyo kunye nemijikelo yokuhlanganisa. Umphezulu we-birch wamkela ukusonga kweVinyl, imizobo eprintiweyo, kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango zokuhombisa ezisetyenziswa ngabayili bemiboniso ukwenza imiboniso ebonakalayo enyanzelisayo. Eucalyptus Birch PlywoodIimpawu zokutywinwa komphetho zinqanda ukufunxa ukufuma ngexesha lothutho kunye nogcino, ukugcina inkangeleko yomboniso kunye nengqibelelo yesakhiwo ngaphezulu kweziganeko ezininzi. Abakhi bemiboniso yesiko bayakuxabisa ukuguquguquka kwezinto ekudaleni zombini iinxalenye zesakhelo sesakhiwo kunye nemigangatho egqityiweyo ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yokubonisa efanayo. Umgangatho wemathiriyeli ongaguqukiyo uqinisekisa ukuba izinto zemiboniso zigcina inkangeleko yazo yobungcali nasemva kokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwindawo yokubonisa urhwebo. Ugcino kunye nolungiselelo lothutho luyazuza kubungakanani obuqikelelwayo bezinto kunye neempawu zobunzima, okuvumela izindlu zemiboniso ukuba zikhulise iindleko zokuthumela kunye nokusetyenziswa kwendawo yokugcina impahla. Ulawulo lomgangatho ngexesha lokwakhiwa komboniso lwenziwa lula yimpahla efanayo yezinto kunye neempawu zokusebenza ezinokuqikelelwa.

IiNkqubo zokuBonisa iMyuziyam kunye neGalari

Iimyuziyam kunye neegalari zobugcisa ziye zaqaphela i-Eucalyptus Birch Plywood njengesixhobo esihle kakhulu sokwenza iinkqubo zokubonisa ekufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho engqongqo yolondolozo ngelixa zibonelela ngezakhono zokubonisa eziguquguqukayo. Iingcali zolondolozo ziyazixabisa iimpawu zokukhupha izinto ezisezantsi ze-formaldehyde, ezikhusela izinto zakudala ezixabisekileyo kunye nemisebenzi yobugcisa kumonakalo wekhemikhali. Umphezulu we-birch veneer ubonelela ngemvelaphi engathathi hlangothi engakhuphisaniyo nezinto ezibonisiweyo ngelixa ibonelela ngokuqina okwaneleyo kwimekobume yemyuziyam apho imiboniso inokuhlala isendaweni ixesha elide. Abavelisi bomboniso wemyuziyam baxabisa uzinzo lwe-dimensional yemathiriyeli, eqinisekisa ukuba iimeko zokubonisa kunye neenkqubo zokuxhoma zigcina ukunyamezelana okuchanekileyo okuyimfuneko kukhuseleko olululo lwe-artifact. Ubuchule be-Eucalyptus Birch Plywood bokwamkela ufakelo lwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi buyenza ifaneleke ukwenza iinkqubo zokubonisa ezihlengahlengiswayo ezinokuphinda ziqwalaselwe kwimiboniso eyahlukeneyo. Umphezulu wemathiriyeli ogudileyo uququzelela ukucocwa kunye neenkqubo zokulondolozwa ezifunekayo kwiindawo zemyuziyam apho ulawulo lothuli kunye nococeko luyingqwalasela ebalulekileyo. Amaqela ofakelo lwegalari ayazixabisa iimpawu zemathiriyeli ezikhaphukhaphu ezenza lula ukuphatha kunye neenkqubo zofakelo, ingakumbi xa kusetyenzwa malunga nemisebenzi yobugcisa enexabiso kunye nezakhiwo zembali apho ukufikelela kunokuthintelwa. Iipropati zesakhiwo sezinto eziphathekayo zenza ukuba kubekho iipaneli zokubonisa ezinkulu, ezizinzileyo kunye neemeko ezinokuxhasa ngokukhuselekileyo izinto zakudala ngelixa zigcina ucoceko, inkangeleko yobuchwephesha elindelekileyo kumaziko enkcubeko.

isiphelo

Ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwe-Eucalyptus Birch Plywood kuwo wonke amashishini awohlukeneyo kubonisa ukuguquguquka okukhethekileyo kunye neempawu zokusebenza. Ukusuka kulwakhiwo kunye nolwakhiwo ukuya kwimveliso yefanitshala kunye nemiboniso yokuthengisa, le mveliso yokhuni yobunjineli inikezela ngolungelelwaniso olugqibeleleyo lwamandla, ubuhle, kunye nexabiso lezoqoqosho. Amashishini ahlala ekhetha i-Eucalyptus Birch Plywood ngenxa yozinzo oluphezulu lwe-dimensional, ukuzinza kwendalo, kunye nokuguquguquka koyilo. Irekhodi yemathiriyeli eqinisekisiweyo kwizicelo ezifunwayo, ezidityaniswe neendleko-zokusebenza kunye nekhonkco lokubonelela elithembekileyo, liyibeka njengesixhobo esiyimfuneko kwiingcali ezifuna izisombululo zokhuni zobunjineli ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Ngaba ukulungele ukufumana umgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuthembeka kwe-Eucalyptus Birch Plywood yethu? Njengomzi-mveliso ophambili waseTshayina we-Eucalyptus Birch Plywood kunye nomthengisi othembekileyo waseTshayina we-Eucalyptus Birch Plywood, iLinyi Longterm Wood Industry Co., Ltd. izisa iminyaka engaphezu kwe-15 yobugcisa bokwenza kwiphepha ngalinye esilivelisayo. Isikhundla sethu njengenkulumbuso yaseTshayina i-Eucalyptus Birch Plywood umenzi iqinisekisa ulawulo olungqongqo lomgangatho, iindlela ezintsha zokuvelisa, kunye namanqaku amaxabiso e-Eucalyptus Birch Plywood. Nokuba ufuna iTshayina Eucalyptus Birch Plywood ubungakanani beevenkile okanye iiodolo zomntu ngamnye, sinikezela nge-Eucalyptus Birch Plywood ebanzi ethengiswayo kunye nee-MOQ eziguquguqukayo eziqala kumaphepha angama-500 kuphela. Ukuzibophelela kwethu ekugqweseni, iindlela zemveliso eco-friendly, kunye neeshedyuli ezithembekileyo zokuziswa kweeveki ezi-2-4 kusenza sibe liqabane lakho elifanelekileyo lempumelelo. Qhagamshelana neqela lethu leengcali zokuthengisa ku howie@longtermwood.com namhlanje ukuxoxa ngeemfuno zakho ezithile kwaye ufumanise ukuba iprimiyamu yethu yeprimiyamu ye-eucalyptus birch plywood inokuwuphakamisa njani iprojekthi yakho elandelayo ukuya kubude obutsha bomgangatho kunye nokusebenza.

Ucaphulo

1. Anderson, MK & Thompson, RJ (2022). "IiPropati zoLwakhiwo kunye nokuSetyenziswa kweeMveliso zokhuni zobuNjineli kuLwakhiwo lwangoku." Ijenali yobuNjineli beZizinto zokwakha, 45 (3), 78-92.

2. Chen, LW, Roberts, SM, & Davis, PA (2021). "Ii-Composites zoMthi ezizinzileyo: Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye nezicelo zeShishini ze-Eucalyptus-Based Plywood Systems." Uphononongo lweeMveliso zokhuni lwamazwe ngamazwe, 38 (7), 145-162.

3. UMartinez, CE & Johnson, KL (2023). "Uhlalutyo oluthelekisayo lweentlobo zePlywood kwiMveliso yeFenitshala: Ukusebenza, iNdleko, kunye neNgqwalaselo yoYilo." UPhando lweFenitshala ngekota, 29 (2), 34-48.

4. UWilson, DR, Chang, HY, & Stewart, JM (2022). "Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kwi-Design Display Design: iSifundo esiBanzi seZisombululo eziSekwe kwiMithi." Uyilo lwezoRhwebo kunye noYilo lwezakhiwo, 56 (4), 112-127.

share: facebook twitter Instagram Youtube I-Tiktok Twilley
Inqaku elidlulileyo: Ukusuka kwiFactory ukuya kwiFanitshala: Kutheni iPlywood eqhelekileyo yeBirch iKhokela kwiMarike

NAWE UNGATHANDA