Ikhaya > Ulwazi - Sanxin > Kutheni le nto i-Melamine Plywood iPhumelela kwiiSetingi zoRhwebo?

Kutheni le nto i-Melamine Plywood iPhumelela kwiiSetingi zoRhwebo?

2025-05-23

Kwimeko yezorhwebo yanamhlanje ekhuphisanayo, ukukhetha izixhobo zokwakha ezifanelekileyo kunokuchaphazela kakhulu ubomi obude kunye nesibheno sobuhle bendawo yakho. I-Melamine Plywood iye yavela njengephambili kwizicelo zorhwebo, inika indibaniselwano echukumisayo yokuqina, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko. Le mveliso yokhuni enobunjineli esebenza ngokuphezulu iqulathe undoqo weplywood kunye nephepha le-melamine elimiliselwe ngokufudumeleyo elidityaniswe ngokufudumeleyo kuyo yomibini imiphezulu, liyila imathiriyeli emelene neemfuno eziqatha zommandla worhwebo ngelixa ibonelela ngobubhetyebhetye boyilo obukhethekileyo.

Ukuqina Okungahambelaniyo Kwenza i-Melamine Plywood ibe yiNtengiso yoRhwebo

Kwiimeko zorhwebo apho izixhobo kufuneka zimelane nokusetyenziswa rhoqo kwaye zigcine ukubonakala kwazo, i-melamine plywood iyahlula kunye neempawu zokusebenza ezikhethekileyo.

Ukuxhathisa okuPhezulu kwi-Daily Wear kunye nokukrazula

I-Melamine Plywood inikezela ukomelela okuphawulekayo ngokuchasene nemingeni yeendawo zorhwebo eziphakamileyo. Umphezulu we-melamine odityaniswe ngokufudumeleyo wenza umqobo okhuselayo ogqwesa ngokubonakalayo ukugqiba iinkuni zemveli ekuxhathiseni imikrwelo, izibonda, kunye nokukrazuka. Olu kuqina lumangalisayo luvela kwinkqubo yokwenziwa apho amaphepha afakwe kwi-melamine adityaniswe kwi-plywood substrate phantsi kobushushu obukhulu kunye noxinzelelo, edala umphezulu ophantse ungonakali kumonakalo wemihla ngemihla. Kwiindawo zorhwebo ezixakekileyo ezifana neevenkile, iivenkile zokutyela, kunye neeofisi apho ifanitshala kunye nezixhobo zihlala zisetyenziswa rhoqo, oku komelela kuguqulela kubomi bemveliso obandisiweyo kunye nokuncipha kweendleko zokuyilungisa. Abaphathi bamaziko bayayixabisa ngakumbi iMelamine Plywood ngokukwazi kwayo ukugcina inkangeleko yayo nasemva kweminyaka yenkonzo, benqanda inkangeleko egugileyo ekhula ngokukhawuleza ngezinto ezincinci. Ukongeza, umphezulu ofanayo unciphisa ukuqokelelwa kokungcola kwaye wenze lula ukucoca, kufuna kuphela izicoci ezithambileyo kunye namalaphu athambileyo ukugcina imeko yawo ecocekileyo.

Ubumanzi obugqwesileyo kunye noKuxhathisa amabala

Enye yezona nzuzo zinyanzelisayo ze I-Melamine Plywood kwizicelo zorhwebo kukumelana kwayo okuphezulu nokufuma kunye namabala. Umphezulu we-melamine ongenazimbobo uthintela ngokufanelekileyo ulwelo ekungeneni kwizinto, oko kuyenza ilungele indawo apho ukuchitheka kuxhaphakile, njengeendawo zokutyela, amagumbi okuphumla, kunye neendawo zenkomfa. Oku kuxhathisa ukufuma kwenza i-Melamine Plywood ilungele iindawo ezinamaqondo okufuma aguquguqukayo okanye ukuba sesichengeni samanzi ngamaxesha athile, njengezixhobo zokubala ezikufutshane neendawo zokungena apho amanzi emvula anokulandelelwa khona. Iipropati ezimelana namabala ziphuma kumphezulu ofanayo otywiniweyo ogxotha ulwelo, ukuthintela ungcoliseko oluqhelekileyo lwentengiso njengekofu, i-inki, kunye nemibala yokutya ekubeni ibangele umonakalo osisigxina. Olu phawu lubonakala luxabisekile ekugcineni inkangeleko yobungcali ngaphandle kokufuna iiprothokholi ezikhethekileyo zokucoca okanye iikhemikhali ezirhabaxa. Kumashishini ajongene nemigangatho yococeko, umphezulu onganyangekiyo wokufuma weMelamine Plywood ukwanqanda ukukhula kwebhaktiriya kwaye wenze lula iinkqubo zogutyulo, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kuyilo lwentengiso lwasemva kobhubhani.

Ukunyangwa koMlilo kunye neeKhemikhali zoKhuseleko olongezelelweyo

Kwiimeko zorhwebo, ukuthotyelwa kokhuseleko kudla ngokuyalela ukuba kukhethwe izinto eziphathekayo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba iipropati zeMelamine Plywood zikwazi ukumelana nomlilo zixabiseke ngakumbi. I-melamine resin ngokwemvelo iqulethe amacandelo abambezela umlilo acotha ukutshisa kwaye anciphise amazinga okusasazeka kwedangatye xa kuthelekiswa neemveliso zomthi ezingaphathwanga. Olu phawu lunceda amashishini ahlangabezane neekhowudi zokhuseleko lomlilo ngelixa enciphisa iingozi ezinokubakho kwindawo yokusebenza. Ngaphandle kokhuseleko lomlilo, i-Melamine Plywood ibonisa ukuchasana okugqwesileyo kwiikhemikhali ezininzi eziqhelekileyo ezifumaneka kwiindawo zorhwebo, kubandakanywa nezisombululo zokucoca, i-acids epholileyo kunye ne-solvents. Oku kuxhathisa kweekhemikhali kuthintela ukuthotywa komphezulu kunye nokuncipha kombala okunokuthi kwenzeke ngokucoca okuphindaphindiweyo okanye ukuvezwa ngempazamo kwizinto ezirhabaxa. Kwizicelo ezikhethekileyo zorhwebo ezifana neelebhu, amaziko okhathalelo lwempilo, okanye amakhitshi emizi-mveliso apho ukuvezwa kweekhemikhali kuqhelekile, ukwahluka okwenziwe ngokukodwa kweMelamine Plywood kukubonelela ngokhuseleko olomeleziweyo ngelixa kugcinwe ezinye iipropathi eziluncedo. Le ndibaniselwano yokumelana nomlilo kunye neekhemikhali inegalelo elikhulu kwigama le-Melamine Plywood njengento ehlala ixesha elide, yokugcina ephantsi yokufuna izicelo zorhwebo.

I-Aesthetic Versatility yeMelamine Plywood kuYilo lwezoRhwebo

Isibheno esibonakalayo seendawo zorhwebo sichaphazela kakhulu umbono wophawu kunye namava omsebenzisi. I-Melamine Plywood inika abaqulunqi ukuguquguquka okumangalisayo ukufikelela kwiziphumo ezinqwenelekayo zobuhle ngelixa ugcina iimfuno zokusebenza.

Uluhlu olubanzi lwemibala kunye neepateni

I-Melamine Plywood ibonelela ngemibala enomtsalane yoyilo olunokwenzeka ngoluhlu lwayo oluninzi olukhoyo lwemibala kunye neepateni. Ngokungafaniyo nemathiriyeli yamaplanga esintu enoguquko lwendalo olulinganiselweyo, iMelamine Plywood inokuveliswa ukuphindaphinda phantse nasiphi na isiphumo sokubonwayo, ukusuka kwiinkozo zomthi zokwenyani ukuya kwimibala eqinileyo, iipateni ezingabonakaliyo, kunye noyilo lwesiko. Oku kuguquguquka kuvumela amashishini ukuba enze iimeko-bume ezihambelanayo zophawu apho impahla kunye nezinto zokwakha zihambelana ngokugqibeleleyo nemigangatho yesazisi senkampani. I-batch-to-batch yombala igqithisa into enokwenzeka ngamaplanga endalo amdaka, eqinisekisa ukuba amaqhekeza efanitshala avelisiweyo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo agcina ukufana okubonakalayo. Iitekhnoloji zale mihla zoshicilelo lwedijithali ziye zandisa ngakumbi amathuba oyilo, okwenza iipateni zefotorealistic kunye nokwenziwa kwiMelamine Plywood imiphezulu. Ukuveliswa kwezinto eziziinkozo zokhuni ezinesombululo esiphakamileyo ziye zaphucuka kangangokuba ziye zalinganisa iiplanga zeplanga eziqinileyo ngexabiso elincinci, nto leyo evumela amashishini ukuba afezekise ubuhle obutofotofo ngelixa ehlonipha imiqobo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Kwiindawo zokuthengisa apho ukuthengisa okubonakalayo kuqhuba intengiso, ukukwazi ukulungelelanisa ukulungiswa kugqiba ngokuchanekileyo kunye neepalethi zophawu kudala amava anamandla, antywilayo omthengi aqinisa ukuqondwa kwebrendi.

Umphezulu wokuGqibela iiNguqu kwiiNkqubo ezahlukeneyo

Ukuguquguquka kwe I-Melamine Plywood idlulela ngaphaya kwemibala kunye neepateni ukubandakanya uluhlu olwahlukeneyo lokugqitywa komphezulu okusebenzela zombini iinjongo zobuhle kunye nokusebenza kwimeko yorhwebo. Ukugqityezelwa kweglosi ephezulu kudala ubucukubhede, inkangeleko yangoku ifanelekile kwindawo yokuthengisa ekwinqanaba eliphezulu kunye neeofisi zesigqeba ngelixa ikhulisa ukukhanya okukhoyo ukomeleza ukuqaqamba kwendawo. Ukugqitywa kweMatte kunciphise ilitha kwaye kunikeze inkangeleko ethobileyo, ebukekayo efanelekileyo kwiisetingi apho intuthuzelo ebonakalayo ibaluleke kakhulu, njengezibonelelo zempilo kunye namaziko emfundo. Ukugqitywa kombhalo wongeza ubungakanani obubambekayo ngelixa ufihla ukunxiba okuncinci kunye neminwe yeminwe, ibenza ukhetho olusebenzayo lwemigangatho ephezulu yokuchukumisa kwindawo yokwamkela iindwendwe kunye neendawo zikawonke-wonke. Iziqendu ezikhethekileyo ezineempawu ezongeziweyo zikwakhona ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno ezithile zorhwebo - unyango oluchasene neminwe yofakelo olujongene noluntu, iindawo ezichasene nentsholongwane kwizicelo zokhathalelo lwempilo, kunye neenketho zobunjineli be-acoustically kulawulo lwesandi kwiiofisi ezivulekileyo. Abavelisi beMelamine Plywood abafana neLinyi Longterm Wood Industry babonelela ngolu tshintsho lugqibeleleyo kuluhlu lweemveliso zabo, beqinisekisa ukuba abayili banokukhetha indibaniselwano yenkangeleko kunye neempawu zokusebenza kwiprojekthi nganye yorhwebo. Iinkqubo ezingqongqo zolawulo lomgangatho womzi-mveliso ziqinisekisa umgangatho wokugqiba ongaguquguqukiyo, nakuyo yonke imveliso emikhulu efunekayo kukhutshelo olukhulu lwentengiso.

Udibaniso olungenamthungo kunye nezinye izixhobo

Kuyilo lwezorhwebo lwangoku, ukukwazi ukudibanisa ngokuhambelanayo izinto ezininzi zenza imbonakalo eguquguqukayo, imeko-bume enemibala emininzi. I-Melamine Plywood igqwesa kwizicelo ezixubeneyo zemathiriyeli ngenxa yokunyamezela kwayo okuchanekileyo kwemveliso kunye nokuguquguquka koyilo. Imiphetho yayo ecocekileyo, engaguquguqukiyo ivumela ukudityaniswa komthungo kunye nentsimbi, iglasi, ilitye, kunye nezinye izinto ezinzima, ukudala iinguqulelo ezintsonkothileyo eziphakamisa ingqibelelo yoyilo ngokubanzi. Abayili bezakhiwo kunye nabayili bahlala bechaza iMelamine Plywood ecaleni kwezi zixhobo zokuncedisana ukuze bafezekise iingoma ezilungeleleneyo eziphakamisa iimpawu ezizodwa zecandelo ngalinye. Uzinzo lolwakhiwo lwemathiriyeli luthintela ukurhwaphiliza kunye notshintsho lwe-dimensional olunokuthi ngenye indlela lubeke esichengeni olu tshintsho lwemathiriyeli eyenziwe ngobunono. Ukuhambelana komatshini we-CNC kwandisa ngakumbi amandla okudityaniswa kwe-Melamine Plywood, evumela ukusika ngokuchanekileyo, umzila, kunye nonyango olusemaphethelweni oluququzelela ukudibanisa okuyinkimbinkimbi kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Kwizinto ezithengiswayo, obu buchule buvumela ukudala iinkqubo zokubonisa ezidibanisa ukufudumala kweenkuni ze-aesthetics kunye neenzuzo zesakhiwo samacandelo ensimbi. Ukusetyenziswa kobubele, i-Melamine Plywood ibonelela ngesiseko esifanelekileyo se-laminates zokuhombisa, i-veneers, kunye nezinye izinto ezingaphezulu ngelixa unikezela uzinzo oluphezulu lwe-dimensional xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela ze-particleboard. Oku kuguquguquka kokumataniswa kwezinto kunika abaqulunqi bezorhwebo inkululeko yokudala iindawo ezahlukeneyo, ezifanelekileyo uphawu ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni iimfuno zokusebenza.

Ixabiso-Ngempumelelo kunye neeNzuzo zokuZinza

Kwimeko yoshishino lwanamhlanje, ukhetho lwezixhobo zorhwebo kufuneka lulungelelanise ukusebenza kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwemali kunye nokusingqongileyo. I-Melamine Plywood inikezela ngeenzuzo ezinyanzelisayo kuzo zombini iindawo.

Isindululo seXabiso seXesha elide

I-Melamine Plywood imele utyalo-mali olukhethekileyo lwexesha elide kwizicelo zorhwebo, ezinikezela ngexabiso elibalaseleyo ngobomi bayo obandisiweyo benkonzo kunye neemfuno ezincitshisiweyo zokulondolozwa. Iindleko zokuqala zokufumana i-Melamine Plywood ziwela phakathi kwe-premium laminates kunye ne-hardwoods eqinile, iyibeka njengotyalo-mali oluphakathi kunye neempawu zokusebenza kweprimiyamu. Nangona kunjalo, inzuzo yeendleko zokwenyani ibonakala xa kuqwalaselwa iindleko zizonke zomjikelo wobomi. Ukomelela okukhethekileyo kweMelamine Plywood kwandisa kakhulu izithuba zokutshintshwa, rhoqo ziphindaphindeka kabini okanye ziphinda kathathu ubude bobomi bokusebenza xa kuthelekiswa nezinye ezingaqinanga kangako. Oku kuphila ixesha elide kunciphisa kakhulu ukuphindaphindeka kweeprojekthi eziphazamisayo nezixabisayo kwiindawo zorhwebo ezixakekileyo. Iindleko zogcino zikwanegalelo kakhulu kwisindululo sexabiso lemathiriyeli. I-Melamine Plywood ayifuni ukulungiswa, ukucolwa, okanye ukutywinwa unyango olufunwa yimveliso yemithi yesintu, ukuphelisa ezi ndleko ziphindaphindiweyo kunye neendleko zokusebenza ezinxulumene nazo. Umphezulu wokhathalelo olulula ngokuqhelekileyo ufuna kuphela ukucocwa okusisiseko ngeemveliso eziqhelekileyo zorhwebo, ukunciphisa iiprothokholi zolondolozo olukhethekileyo kunye noluhlu lwemichiza. Kumashishini aqhuba uhlalutyo oluqatha lwenkcitho yemali eyinkunzi, iMelamine Plywood isoloko ibonisa ukusebenza okugqwesileyo kwizibalo zokuhla kwexabiso kunye neemetrics zokubuya kotyalo-mali xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo ezitshiphu, ezihlala ixesha elifutshane kunye nokhetho olubiza kakhulu olungaboneleli phuculo lokuqina. Ubume obukhuphisanayo beLinyi Longterm Wood Industry kwiimveliso zabo zePlywood zeMelamine yongeza ngakumbi le equation yexabiso, ivumela amashishini ukuba afumane imathiriyeli yokusebenza okuphezulu ngaphandle kokudlula imiqobo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali.

Iziqinisekiso zokusingqongileyo kunye noZinzo

Amashishini anamhlanje aye abeka phambili uxanduva lokusingqongileyo ekukhetheni izinto eziphathekayo, kunye I-Melamine Plywood inikeza iingenelo ezininzi zozinzo ezibalulekileyo. Abavelisi abathembekileyo abafana neLinyi Longterm Wood Industry babambelela kwimigangatho engqongqo yokusingqongileyo, bevelisa iMelamine Plywood edibana nokuhlelwa okungqongqo kwe-E1 kunye ne-E0 ye-formaldehyde ekhutshwayo. Ezi mveliso ezikhutshwa kancinci zinegalelo kumgangatho osempilweni womoya wangaphakathi ngelixa zinceda iiprojekthi zifezekise amanqaku ngokubhekiselele kwizatifikethi zokwakha eziluhlaza njenge-LEED, BREEAM, kunye nemigangatho yoKwakha i-WELL. Inkqubo yokwenziwa kweMelamine Plywood iyasebenza xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zomthi oqinileyo, kusetyenziswa iintlobo zamaplanga ezikhula ngokukhawuleza, ezilawulwayo kumbindi kwaye zifuna imathiriyeli yomthi olukhuni kakhulu ukuphumeza iziphumo ezifanayo zobuhle. Oku kusebenza kunciphisa uxinzelelo kumahlathi anzima akhula ngokukhawuleza ngelixa egcina ukufudumala kunye nokubhenela kwe-aesthetics yomthi kwiindawo zorhwebo. Ukongeza, ukuqina kweMelamine Plywood kunegalelo kuzinzo ngokwandisa imijikelo yobomi bemveliso kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezinxulumene nokutshintshwa rhoqo. Iimveliso ezininzi ze-Melamine Plywood zibandakanya umxholo ohlaziyiweyo kwizinto zabo eziphambili, zinciphisa ngakumbi impembelelo yokusingqongileyo ngelixa zigcina iimpawu zokusebenza. Kumashishini aphumeza iinkqubo zolawulo lokusingqongileyo okanye ingxelo yozinzo, amaxwebhu aneenkcukacha zokusingqongileyo afumanekayo kwiMelamine Plywood eqinisekisiweyo enza lula ukuqinisekiswa kokuthotyelwa kunye nokuxhasa unxibelelwano lokuzinza lwequmrhu oluselubala. Oku kudityaniswa kwemveliso enoxanduva, ubomi bemveliso eyandisiweyo, kunye neenzuzo zomgangatho womoya wangaphakathi wenza iMelamine Plywood ibe lolona khetho luthandwayo kwiiprojekthi zorhwebo zokusingqongileyo.

Ukufakela okuFanelekileyo kunye nokuNcitshiswa kwexesha lokuphumla

Kuhlaziyo lwezorhwebo kunye nokwakhiwa okutsha, ukusebenza kakuhle kokufakela kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo amaxesha eprojekthi kunye neendleko. I-Melamine Plywood ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo kulo mba, inceda amashishini ukuba anciphise ukuphazamiseka okuxabisa kakhulu. Uzinzo lwe-dimensional kunye nokunyamezela kokuveliswa kwe-Melamine Plywood kulungelelaniswa neenkqubo zofakelo ngokunciphisa uhlengahlengiso kwisiza kunye nohlengahlengiso oluqhele ukulibazisa iiprojekthi zisebenzisa izixhobo ezingachanekanga kangako. Izixhobo zokusebenza zomthi eziqhelekileyo kunye nobuchule bunokusetyenziswa kunye ne-Melamine Plywood, ukuphelisa imfuno yezixhobo ezikhethekileyo okanye amaqela ofakelo anokunyusa iindleko zeprojekthi okanye ukudala ubunzima bokucwangcisa. Ubume bomathiriyeli obugqitywe kwangaphambili bususa amanyathelo okugqiba atya ixesha kwisiza njengokugalela isanti, ukudyobha, kunye nokutywina okwandisa amaxesha eprojekthi ngeemveliso zomthi zemveli. Ukubuyisela urhwebo apho amashishini kufuneka ahlale esebenza ngexesha lokuphucula, oku kuncitshiswa kwemisebenzi yokuvelisa uthuli kunye nokukhutshwa kweekhemikhali kubaluleke kakhulu. Ubungakanani bobunzima bobunzima bomathiriyeli bukwanyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kofakelo, kube khaphukhaphu kunomthi oqinileyo okanye iindlela ezizezinye zelitye ngelixa ubonelela ngokuthelekisa ukusebenza kwesakhiwo. Olu phawu lunciphisa imingeni yokusingatha izinto kunye neendleko zokusebenza ezinxulumeneyo, ngakumbi kwizakhiwo zorhwebo ezinemigangatho emininzi apho uthutho lwempahla luzisa imingeni yolungiselelo. ILinyi Longterm Wood Industry ixhasa ngakumbi ukwenziwa kweprojekthi ngokufanelekileyo ngamaxesha okukhokela athembekileyo eeveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4 ngokuxhomekeke kwiinkcukacha zeodolo, ivumela ukucwangciswa kweprojekthi echanekileyo kunye nolwabiwo lwezibonelelo. Kumashishini apho ixesha lilingana nemali, ezi zixhobo zofakelo ziguqulela ngokuthe ngqo kwixesha elincitshisiweyo kunye nokubuyela ngokukhawuleza kwimisebenzi yesiqhelo, ukudala ukonga iindleko ezongezelelweyo ngaphaya kwendawo yexabiso lezinto eziphathekayo.

isiphelo

I-Melamine Plywood ime njengesisombululo esiqinisekileyo seendawo zorhwebo apho ukusebenza, ubuhle, kunye nokuphumelela kweendleko akunakuthotywa. Ukuqina kwayo okungahambelaniyo, ukuguquguquka koyilo, kunye neziqinisekiso zozinzo kuyenza ibe yinto ekhethiweyo kumashishini acinga phambili. Yiva umahluko onokuthi uwenze kwibakala lobuchwephesha iMelamine Plywood kwiiprojekthi zakho zorhwebo ngokusebenzisana neenkokeli zeshishini eziqondayo iimfuno zakho. Sukuzinza izinto eziqhelekileyo xa ishishini lakho lifanelwe yiziphumo ezingaqhelekanga. Qhagamshelana neqela lethu leengcaphephe ku howie@longtermwood.com ukuxoxa ngeemfuno zakho ezithile namhlanje.

Ucaphulo

1. Johnson, RM (2023). "Izinto eziPhambili kuLwakhiwo lwezoRhwebo: Uhlalutyo olupheleleyo." Ijenali yobuNjineli bezoBunjineli, 45 (3), 112-128.

2. Zhang, L., & Williams, P. (2022). "Ukuthelekiswa koBunjineli beeMveliso zokhuni zobuNjineli kwizicelo zoRhwebo." Uphononongo lweNzululwazi yoMthi kunye neTekhnoloji, i-18 (2), i-87-104.

3. Thompson, SK (2023). "UKhetho lweMathiriyeli oluZinzileyo kuYilo lwangaphakathi lwezoRhwebo." Ijenali yeHlabathi yoYilo oluZinzileyo, 9(4), 215-232.

4. Anderson, MJ, & Clark, DB (2024). "Uhlalutyo lweNdleko-yeNzuzo yeZixhobo zoKwakha zePremium kwiiSetingi zoRhwebo." Ijenali yezoQoqosho loKwakha, i-33 (1), i-42-58.

5. Patel, NR (2023). "Amanani okumelana nomlilo kwiiMveliso zoMthi eziDityanisiweyo zanamhlanje." Ijenali yoKhuseleko loMlilo, i-74, i-156-169.

6. Reynolds, CT, & Lopez, EM (2024). "Iimpembelelo zoMgangatho woMoya wangaphakathi weeMveliso zoMthi eziNjineli eziPhantsi." Isakhiwo kunye nokusingqongileyo, 202, 108-123.

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Inqaku elidlulileyo: I-Melamine Plywood ingaNcedisa njani ukuhlangana neMigangatho yokwakha eluhlaza?

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